Contradiction with 1 Samuel 17:55
Saul does not recognize David, yet in 2 Samuel 8:16, David is established in a leadership role which implies Saul should have known him earlier.
1 Samuel 17:55: And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son [is] this youth? And Abner said, [As] thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.
Contradiction with 1 Chronicles 18:15
States a similar list of officials and roles as 2 Samuel 8:16, but contains minor differences in the names and titles.
1 Chronicles 18:15: And Joab the son of Zeruiah [was] over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, recorder. [recorder: or, remembrancer]
Contradiction with Exodus 18:25
Describes Moses appointing leaders over people, which contrasts with David's centralized control over military and priestly offices in 2 Samuel 8:16.
Exodus 18:25: And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
Contradiction with 1 Kings 1:5-6
Adonijah sets himself up as king, which contrasts with the structured leadership under David as described in 2 Samuel 8:16.
1 Kings 1:5-6: Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, I will be king: and he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him. [be king: Heb. reign]