Contradictions and Paradoxes in Exodus 28:12

Check out Contradictions Catalog of Exodus 28:12 for the comprehensive list of verses that contradicts Exodus 28:12. Some key contradictions and paradoxes are described below.

According to Moses, God wanted Aaron to wear special stones on his shoulders with the names of the Israelite tribes. This was so Aaron could always remember them when he stood before God.

Exodus 28:12: And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod [for] stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

Contradiction with Proverbs 16:18

Exodus 28:12 speaks of glory and purpose in the priestly attire, while Proverbs emphasizes pride leading to downfall, suggesting caution in claims of glory.

Proverbs 16:18: Pride [goeth] before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.

Contradiction with Matthew 23:5

Jesus critiques the Pharisees for showy displays of piety, contrasting with the ornate, purposeful priestly garments described in Exodus 28:12.

Matthew 23:5: But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments, [phylacteries: pieces of parchment containing sentences of the law]

Contradiction with Isaiah 1:11

The emphasis on ritual and adornment in Exodus is contrasted with Isaiah’s message that God desires sincere hearts over ritualistic sacrifices and attire.

Isaiah 1:11: To what purpose [is] the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats. [he goats: Heb. great he goats]

Contradiction with Romans 2:29

Paul's focus on inward faith rather than outward symbols contradicts Exodus 28:12’s emphasis on external priestly adornments.

Romans 2:29: But he [is] a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision [is that] of the heart, in the spirit, [and] not in the letter; whose praise [is] not of men, but of God.

Contradiction with 1 Samuel 16:7

The Lord’s preference for inner character over outward appearance contradicts the significance placed on priestly garments in Exodus 28:12.

1 Samuel 16:7: But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for [the LORD seeth] not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. [outward...: Heb. eyes]
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