Contradiction with Matthew 16:18
John 1:42 states that Simon shall be called Cephas (meaning 'A stone'), while Matthew 16:18 suggests a play on words with Peter ('Petros') and 'rock' ('petra'), indicating a foundation for the church, presenting different implications of Peter's name.
Matthew 16:18: And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. [Peter: this name signifies a rock]
Contradiction with Mark 3:16
In John 1:42, the name Cephas is mentioned by Jesus upon meeting Simon. Mark 3:16 lists Simon's name as Peter in the context of the Twelve Apostles' selection, not upon the initial meeting, suggesting a difference in the timeline of receiving the name.
Mark 3:16: And Simon he surnamed Peter;
Contradiction with Luke 6:14
Luke refers to Simon as Peter in the list of apostles, whereas John 1:42 describes the specific instance of naming Simon as Cephas, lacking this context of appointment.
Luke 6:14: Simon, (whom he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew,
Contradiction with 1 Corinthians 15:5
This verse mentions an appearance to Cephas, contributing no context about the naming event described in John 1:42, creating differences in how Cephas/Peter is acknowledged separate from the initial naming.
1 Corinthians 15:5: And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve: