Contradiction with John 10:14
While Luke 2:8 refers to shepherds watching their sheep by night, John 10:14 describes Jesus as the good shepherd who knows his sheep, shifting the focus from literal to spiritual shepherding.
John 10:14: I am the good shepherd, and know my [sheep], and am known of mine.
Contradiction with Matthew 10:16
Luke 2:8 depicts shepherds with sheep, whereas Matthew 10:16 uses sheep metaphorically representing Jesus' followers being sent among wolves.
Matthew 10:16: Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. [harmless: or, simple]
Contradiction with Luke 15:4
Luke 2:8 describes literal shepherds with their flocks, while Luke 15:4 uses shepherding symbolically in the parable of the lost sheep, showing a different purpose and context.
Luke 15:4: What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?
Contradiction with John 21:17
In Luke 2:8, shepherds tend literal sheep whereas John 21:17 sees Jesus asking Peter to "Feed my sheep," metaphorically referring to his followers.
John 21:17: He saith unto him the third time, Simon, [son] of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.
Paradox #1
Shepherds watching their flocks at night during the time of Jesus' birth could conflict with historical climate patterns in that region. It's suggested that sheep were not usually kept in the fields during winter months.