Contradiction with Acts 17:29
This verse speaks against making images of God, while Matthew 22:20 involves a coin bearing Caesar’s image, not a divine figure.
Acts 17:29: Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's device.
Contradiction with Exodus 20:4
The commandment prohibits making and worshipping images, whereas the coin in Matthew 22:20 has an image that represents earthly authority.
Exodus 20:4: Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness [of any thing] that [is] in heaven above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the water under the earth:
Contradiction with 1 Samuel 8:7
Israel's rejection of God as king contrasts with the implied acceptance of earthly authority in Matthew 22:20.
1 Samuel 8:7: And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them.
Contradiction with Matthew 6:24
This verse states one cannot serve two masters, yet Matthew 22:20 implies recognition of earthly authority.
Matthew 6:24: No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.