Contradiction with Psalm 121:5-6
While Numbers 10:34 speaks of the cloud as protection, Psalm 121:5-6 indicates that the Lord Himself, not a cloud, is the direct source of protection from harm.
Psalm 121:5-6: The LORD [is] thy keeper: the LORD [is] thy shade upon thy right hand.
Contradiction with Isaiah 4:5-6
Isaiah describes God creating a canopy and shelter specifically as a form of protection, contrasting with Numbers 10:34's implication of a guiding protective cloud rather than a static cover.
Isaiah 4:5-6: And the LORD will create upon every dwelling place of mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night: for upon all the glory [shall be] a defence. [upon all: or, above all] [defence: Heb. covering]
Contradiction with Exodus 13:21
Numbers 10:34 suggests the cloud was consistently overhead, while Exodus 13:21 highlights both cloud by day and fire by night, suggesting a change in God's form of guidance.
Exodus 13:21: And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night: